New Technologies 2015: Anniversary of Hubble: 25 years of discovery and more than a million …

Tuesday, April 21, 2015

Anniversary of Hubble: 25 years of discovery and more than a million … – Futura Sciences

This image shows one of the members of a pair of interacting galaxies called Arp 273. The strengths mutual tide the two bodies deform. © NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI / AURA)

anniversary of Hubble: 25 Years of Discovery and more than one million images – 3 Photos

It would be good reasons for renaming the Hubble Space Telescope to give the name of Georges Lemaître. But the legendary instrument in orbit around the Earth from the shuttle launch Discovery April 24, 1990, has without doubt be a significant contribution to major discoveries in astrophysics and astronomy.

Before examining some of them recall some figures about the Space Telescope

Mass. 11110 kg (at the time launch)

Mirror 2.4 meters in diameter,

Orbit: circular orbit, about 543 km above the ground, inclined at 28.5 degrees to the equator. The telescope dishes 96 minutes to go at the speed of 28,000 kilometers per hour,

Observations and Data: summer 2011, Hubble had made a million observations and transmitted to Earth 60 terabytes of data, or about 120 GB of data every week (26 DVDs). In January 2015, astronomers using the Hubble data have published nearly 13,000 articles, making it one of the most productive scientific instruments ever built.

A video on the history of the Space Telescope in its infancy. The development of CCD sensor technology was crucial to make the project possible. For a fairly faithful translation into French, click the rectangle with two horizontal bars at the bottom right. Subtitles in English should then appear, if it is not already. Then clicking on the nut to the right of the rectangle, you should see the phrase “Translate subtitles”. Click to display the choice of language menu, choose “French” and click “OK” © Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble story in a dates

1923. Pioneer Astronautics and rockets, Hermann Oberth published an article in which he proposed the idea of a telescope in Earth orbit

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1946: The astronomer Lyman Spitzer wrote a report on the advantages of an extraterrestrial observatory

1977. The US Congress approves funding for a Great Space Telescope

1978. Astronauts begin to form for duties in such a telescope

. 1979: Work begins on the main mirror 2.4 m telescope

1981. Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) began his activities at the Johns Hopkins University campus in Baltimore, USA

1983. The Great Space Telescope is renamed the Hubble Space Telescope, after the famous astronomer Edwin Powell Hubble, who proved the existence of other galaxies and discovered the first evidence of the expansion of the observable universe

1985. Hubble Construction is completed

1986. The launch of Hubble is delayed after the catastrophe of Challenger , which puts all flights of the space shuttle waiting <. /> li>

1990: The shuttle Discovery (STS-31) was launched on 24 April 1990. The next day Hubble is deployed in space but the first images taken on June 25 shows that the main mirror Hubble suffered a spherical aberration. All images are blurred. The problem will be solved by Costar, an instrument that will correct this aberration, installed during STS-61 in 1993

1994. Hubble provides detailed observations of the comet Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 colliding with Jupiter. Furthermore, by observing the M87 galaxy, Hubble provides conclusive evidence of the existence of supermassive black holes in the centers of galaxies

1995. Hubble is the famous photo the Eagle Nebula, which will be later known as the “Pillars of Creation”.

1996: The first Hubble Deep Field, which was observed at the end of 1995, allows astronomers to study galaxies in the early universe. The same year, Hubble resolves host galaxies of quasars

2001. Hubble is able to measure the presence of certain elements in the atmosphere of HD 209458b the exoplanet.

2005: Hubble discovered two moons orbiting Pluto (and discover two more in 2011 and 2012).

2007: Hubble shows that the dwarf planet Eris is larger than Pluto. 3D map, based on Hubble images shows the distribution of dark matter in the universe

2008. Hubble takes a picture of the exoplanet Fomalhaut b, the first image in the visual visible of an exoplanet. The same year, Hubble found organic molecules on an extrasolar planet and 100,000 ^th orbiting telescope around the Earth is celebrated

2012.: The Hubble images show seven primitive galaxies there are more than 13 billion years. Hubble detects an object at a time when the universe was only 3 percent of its present age, about 470 million years after the Big Bang.

2013 Hubble can determine for the first time the true color of an exoplanet in orbit and observed water vapor in an eruption on the surface of one of Jupiter’s moons, Europe

Hubble has enabled major discoveries and confirm many assumptions. The detection of dark energy was relatively unexpected, but the telescope has confirmed the existence of supermassive black holes in galaxies. It also allowed to study exoplanet atmospheres. For a fairly faithful translation into French, click the rectangle with two horizontal bars at the bottom right. Subtitles in English should then appear, if it is not already. Then clicking on the nut to the right of the rectangle, you should see the phrase “Translate subtitles”. Click to display the choice of language menu, choose “French” and click “OK” © Hubble Space Telescope

The Hubble saga, they are also beautiful images taken in visible showing nebulae and galaxies as recalled in the two images below and as you can see by browsing our slideshow.

Located 200,000 light-years away in the constellation Hydra NGC 602 is a nebula where young stars are forming. © NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI / AURA)

Located 210,000 light-years away in the constellation Toucan, the nebula NGC 346 is in the Small Magellanic Cloud. This is one of the most intense known star-forming regions. © NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage Team (STScI / AURA)