The war is for the first time relayed to the public through platforms such as live video. Facebook or Periscope, however, were not necessarily suited to this type of content.
Monday morning, it was possible to sweep his news feed Facebook on his smartphone and stumble upon videos of war live. Channel 4 and Al-Jazeera, in partnership with the channel kurdish Rudaw and the Associated Press, are part of the media that have broadcast on their pages the battle of Mosul, where there are carried out major military operations by the forces, kurds, turks and the coalition around the United States to retake the iraqi city to the hands of the islamic State since 2014.
Emoji sad face at the absurdity of the war
During the nearly 3 hours of live, many users have reacted to the help of thousands of easily add emoji. Faces of sorrow or in anger appeared on the images of buildings smoldering, from time to time troubled by the appearance of a like, thumb in the air. On Periscope, hearts pétulants in the bottom right of the screen indicated the appreciation of the visitors. The paradox between the violence of the images and the naive symbolism of the icons has not failed to surprise.
Some have blamed a time when the war does nothing more than a click of a button I like, still others are taken to the dystopia in which we live, where the bombing live are scattered all over the social networks between the real recipe of pasta alla carbonara or a contest.
A perception moderate non violence
users who rely on the buttons to easily add emoji use the tools at their disposal. Social networks are not yet suited to the dissemination of the contents of war live. Facebook and Periscope (owned by Twitter) are built to serve as the positive experiences, that is to say, likely to return to their users because they feel well. The sorting algorithms have the habit to put forward the content that everyone is more likely to love.
Paved with good intentions, these platforms are found to manage the contents of ultra-violent, sometimes also live. The broadcast of the rape of a young woman, the suicide of another live on the Periscope, or even the murder of Philando Castile, became one of the symbols of the cause Black Lives Matter relayed on Facebook Live in are some of the most striking examples. These events are particularly difficult to moderate in real time.
in the Face of major debates on its role as a moderator, Facebook has decided to take on the hosting of offensive content under certain conditions: “of the many difficult events take place every day in the world, and some of our users want to raise awareness among their friends. This is why we allow the sharing of offensive content as long as this is not in order to celebrate the violence,” had explained about Monika Bickert, head of the control of content on Facebook in Figaro. In this framework, the diffusion of war live has nothing abnormal on the social network, who will be moderating, not necessarily the images, the more flood that will stream all those who want it.
The war of images in the sauce algorithm
The dissemination of these flows on the social networks mark a new stage in the representation of war. 25 years ago, the first broadcast of an armed conflict in real-time by CNN in Iraq had sparked the debate. First, because of the military operation “Desert Storm” was shown to viewers under the sole prism of the United States, showing a partial view of the Gulf war to his advantage. Then, because the string brought for the first time the war in the living rooms of the viewers, or rather its images, taken at a distance by a screen. Since then, these images are unmarked.
What changes the most with the direct of Facebook or Twitter is not the possibility to react easily add emoji interposed or insulting comments, which is incidental. The turning point comes rather from the fact that no matter what content, be it violent or not, biased or not, can be freely broadcast live on platforms which want to be neutral. The perception of the direct by the viewer, reinforces this notion of neutrality, since it seems difficult to cheat in a video shot and broadcasted in real-time with tools to features as basic as those of a Periscope.
Only, the apparent neutrality of the platforms is behind the scenes governed by filters subjective. The algorithms of personalization are built by humans, who are in charge of transmitting to the machine of orders to sort the contents of users according to criteria such as political views, cultural preferences, religious or ethical. This filtering of the content based on the subjectivities diffuse him as a vision oriented to the real.
The islamic State is a lot of emphasis on the Internet in its strategy of propaganda and recruitment, and has already taken advantage of these many tools. When the attacks on 13 November in Paris, many rumors have circulated on social networks without being challenged by those who received them. Some had the appearance of information or “denunciations of violence” that tolerates, for example, Facebook, but were in fact issued by sources close to the terrorist organization.
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